ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the quality of Japanese quail eggs stored at room temperature (26.8ºC) and under refrigeration (10.9ºC), for different storage periods (0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 days). A total of 196 quail eggs were assigned to different treatments in a factorial arrangement of 2 (temperatures) x 7 (storage periods), with 3 replications and 4 eggs per experimental unit. Data were subjected to regression analysis of parameters as a function of storage time at room temperature and under refrigeration. There was a reduction in egg weight, albumen weight and height, yolk height and egg yolk index with increasing storage period as a function of temperatures (p < 0.05). Eggs at room temperature showed a reduction in albumen index, while eggs under refrigeration showed a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05). Storage days promoted a quadratic response in albumen and yolk pH (p < 0.05) of eggs at room temperature. Eggs at room temperature floated from the 15th day of storage. When stored at room temperature, quail eggs show a sharp decrease in internal quality during storage for up to 30 days. Refrigerated storage is recommended.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos provenientes de poedeiras comerciais e de galinhas caipiras submetidos a diferentes períodos e temperaturas de armazenamento. Para o experimento, foram utilizados 280 ovos. Os ovos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos diferentes tratamentos adotando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7, duas temperaturas, sete períodos de armazenamento, totalizando 14 tratamentos com 10 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas condições de armazenamento: sob refrigeração (6 ± 1,0ºC) e em temperatura ambiente (26,6 ± 1,0ºC). Os ovos foram analisados por um período de 30 dias, com avaliações realizadas em diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 dias). Para cada condição de armazenamento, foram separados 140 ovos, sendo 70 ovos comerciais e 70 ovos caipiras. Ocorreu aumento linear na perda de peso dos ovos, peso da gema, pH do albúmen, pH da gema, comprimento e largura do albúmen e da gema dos ovos comerciais e caipiras, à medida que se aumentava o período de armazenamento. Verificou-se redução linear no peso, altura e índice do albúmen e no índice da gema dos ovos comerciais e caipiras conforme se aumentava o período de armazenamento, com respostas mais acentuadas para ovos acondicionados em temperatura ambiente (P<0,05). A porcentagem de albúmen foi reduzida linearmente apenas para ovos comerciais (P<0,05). Ovos mantidos sob temperatura ambiente reduzem a sua qualidade a partir dos 15 dias de armazenamento, sendo o armazenamento sob refrigeração durante o período de 30 dias, o recomendado para preservar a vida de prateleira do ovo para consumo.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the internal quality of eggs from commercial laying hens and free-range hens subjected to different storage periods and temperatures. For the experiment, 280 eggs were randomly distributed into different treatments, adopting a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 7 factorial arrangement of two temperatures, seven storage periods, totaling 14 treatments with 10 replications. The treatments consisted of two storage conditions: under refrigeration (6 ± 1.0ºC) and at room temperature (26.6 ± 1.0ºC). Eggs were analyzed for 30 days, with evaluations in different storage periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days). For each storage condition, 140 eggs were separated, 70 commercial eggs and 70 free-range eggs. There was a linear increase in egg weight loss, yolk weight, albumen pH, yolk pH, length and width of albumen and yolk of commercial and free-range eggs, as the storage period increased. There was a linear reduction in weight, height and albumen index and in the yolk index of commercial and free-range eggs as the storage period increased, with more pronounced responses for eggs stored at room temperature (P<0.05). Albumen percentage was linearly reduced only for commercial eggs (P<0.05). Eggs kept at room temperature reduce their quality after 15 days of storage, and the storage under refrigeration for 30 days is recommended to preserve the shelf life of the egg for consumption.

To evaluate the effect of using urea in the diet on ovarian follicular dynamics and plasma urea and progesterone concentration, an experiment was carried out with 29 Alpine goats randomly distributed into four diets, each one containing 0%; 0.73%; 1.46% or 2.24% of urea on total dry matter. The follicular dynamics was monitored daily by ultrasonography. The estrous cycles were characterized by occurrence of two, three, four or five follicular waves. The emergence day of the first follicular wave in cycles with two waves, the length of the third wave and the maximum diameter of the largest follicle of the third wave in cycles with three waves presented a quadratic behavior according to the percentage of urea in the diets. In cycles with four waves, the urea intake did not influence the follicular dynamics. The interestrus and interovulatory periods and the luteal and follicular phases length did not differ among treatments. The plasma urea concentration did not differ among diets neither among collection weeks. Plasma progesterone concentration on the estrus day and on the 11th day after estrus presented quadratic behavior, and on the 15th day after estrus, it linearly reduced acording to the percentage of urea in the diets. The supply of urea in diets at levels up to 2.24% in dietary dry matter did not influence the dry matter intake and the urea plasma concentration. For goats, the emergence day and the length of the waves, the follicular diameter and the plasma progesterone concentration on the estrus day and in the latter stages of diestrus were altered when there was supply of urea in the diet.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adição de fontes de óleo e dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina E na ração sobre a criopreservação de sêmen suíno. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos reprodutores Dalboar 85, com idades de 12 a 18 meses, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3, com duas fontes de óleo (soja e salmão) e três níveis de vitamina E (150, 300 e 450 mg/kg). O sêmen foi coletado semanalmente (1 coleta/macho), diluído com meio centrifugador (1:1) e mantido a 25ºC por 2 horas. Após centrifugação (800 g, 10 minutos), o pélete foi suspenso com meio de congelamento para concentração final de 1 × 10(9) espermatozoides/mL. O sêmen foi envasado em palhetas de 0,5 mL e colocado dentro de tubo de ensaio (17ºC, 35 minutos). Após esse período, as palhetas foram retiradas do tubo e mantidas por 25 minutos, quando foram submetidas a vapor de nitrogênio por 20 minutos e mergulhadas em nitrogênio líquido. Após o descongelamento, o sêmen dos animais alimentados com a ração acrescida de óleo de soja reduziu a motilidade, o vigor, a porcentagem de espermatozoides vivos e o teste hiposmotico. A motilidade média do sêmen após a diluição e durante as etapas do congelamento foi de 85 e 84% para os animais que receberam óleo de salmão e soja, respectivamente. Entretanto, após o descongelamento, a motilidade dos espermatozoides dos animais alimentados com a ração contendo óleo de salmão e soja reduziu para 30 e 24%, respectivamente. O sêmen dos animais tratados com óleo de soja apresentou menor porcentagem de espermatozoides vivos e morfologia normal em comparação aos tratados com óleo de salmão. A suplementação com óleo de salmão na dieta de suínos promove redução das características negativas observadas no sêmen suíno descongelado.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of addition of oil and of levels of supplementation of E vitamin on the boar sperm cryopreservation. It was used 24 Dalboar 85 boars, at 12 to 18 months, distributed in a complete random design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two source of oil (soybean and salmon) and three levels of E vitamin (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg). Semen was collected weekly (1 collection/male), diluted in centrifuge media (1:1) and kept at 25ºC for 2 hours. After centrifugation (800 g, 10 minutes), the pellet was suspended in freezing medium for the final concentration of 1 × 10(9) sperm/mL. The semen was packaged into 0.5 mL straws and placed inside a test tube (17ºC, 35 minutes). After this period, the straws were removed from the tube and kept for 25 minutes more, submitted to nitrogen vapor for 20 minutes and then dip into liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the semen of animals fed the ration added with soybean oil reduced motility, vigor, percentage of live sperm and HOST. The average motility of the semen after dilution and during cryopreservation process was 85 and 84% for the animals fed salmon and soybean oil, respectively. However, after thawing, the motility of the sperms of animals fed ration with salmon and soybean oil was reduced to 30 and 24%, respectively. Semen of animals treated with soybean oil presented lower percentage of live sperm and normal morphology when compared to the ones treated with salmon oil. Supplementation of salmon oil in diet for swines reduces the negative traits observed in thawed semen of boars.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição de fontes de óleo e dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina E na ração sobre as características do sêmen suíno resfriado a 17ºC e 5ºC. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos reprodutores Dalboar 85 distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, com duas fontes de óleo (soja e salmão) e três níveis de antioxidantes (150, 300 e 450 mg de vitamina E/kg). Nos animais sob suplementação com óleo de salmão, a motilidade e o teste hiposmótico dos espermatozoides após 24, 48 e 72 horas foram superiores aos observados nos animais alimentados com a ração com óleo de soja. O óleo de salmão aumentou o vigor em ambas as temperaturas avaliadas após 24 e 48 horas. A ocorrência de anormalidades morfológicas totais foi maior no sêmen dos animais sob suplementação com óleo de soja e resfriado a 17ºC, enquanto na menor temperatura de resfriamento (5º) não houve diferença entre os animais sob suplementação. A morfologia anormal no sêmen a 5ºC foi maior que no sêmen resfriado a 17ºC. O óleo de salmão melhora as características espermáticas do sêmen suíno resfriado a 17 e 5ºC durante 24 a 48 horas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of oil sources and levels of vitamin E supplementation in the rations on the characteristics of boar semen cooled at 17 and 5ºC. It was used twenty-four Dalboar 85 boars distributed in a complete random design, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with two sources of oil (soybean and salmon) and three levels of antioxidant (150, 300 and 450 vitamin E mg/kg). For animals under supplementation with salmon oil, the motility and hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) of sperm after 24, 48, and 72 hours was higher than the ones observed in animals fed soybean oil ration. Salmon oil increased the vigor in both temperatures evaluated after 24 and 48 hours. The occurence of total morphological abnormalities was higher in the semen of animals fed soybean oil and cooled at 17ºC while in the lowest cooling temperature (5ºC) there was no difference among animals under supplementation. The abnormal morphology in the semen at 5ºC was higher than in the semen cooled at 17ºC. Salmon oil improves the sperm characteristics of the boar semen cooled at 17 and 5ºC from 24 to 48 hours.